Abstract

STUDY TO FOCUS ON RISK ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES BY USING FRAMINGHAM AND PROCAM SCALES

V. Leela Lavanya*, D. R Brahma Reddy, G. Maha Lakshmi, K. Prathima, M. Lavanya, N. Veronika

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for nearly one third of all deaths worldwide. Consequently the prevention of risk factors for CVD in public health priority in recent times. The available rehabilitation and preventive measures include lifestyle modification, treatment with drug and intervention procedures. The appropriate application of risk assessment should result in better quality of life for people with cardiovascular disease and improve cost effectiveness of health care. The success of these measures depends largely on the skills of patients in daily management of their conditions. The present study reveals that risk assessment can answer many questions in best therapeutic outcome. Objective: This study was conducted to focus on risk assessment of various cardiovascular diseases by using Framingham and PROCAM heart study. The main objective is to investigate variability of various risk factors, to assess the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease over a period of 10 years. Methods: It is a prospective observational study done at Lalitha Super Specialties Hospital. The records of all patients who had cardiovascular disease and relevant extracted by using patient data collection form and filled forms are analyzed. Results: A total of 649 patients consisting of 410 males (63.17%) and 239 females (36.82%) were enrolled. Among this systolic blood pressure 106(25.85%) males and 48 (20.08%) females fall in the stage-1 hypertension and 36 males (8.78%) and 34 females (14.22%) were in the stage-2 hypertension. The Framingham scoring based on risk factors has shown 10% risk found in 418 patients (220 males and 198 females) and 186 patients (148 males and 38 females) were in the 10-20% of risk category and 45 patients (42 males and 3 females) had 20% risk. The PROCAM scoring based on risk factors has shown10% risk found in 443 patients(277 males and 166 females) and 161 patients (101 males and 60 females) were found in 10-20% risk category and 45 patients (32 males and 13 females) had 20% risk. Conclusion: This study concluded that males(63.17%) having more risk than females (36.82%). There is a need for prevention and control of risk factors like hypertension, lipid levels. Calculating the risk may help the patient to change his or her life style or take corresponding precautionary measure to improve his or her health condition.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, risk assessment, Framingham heart study, PROCAM heart study, scoring system.