Abstract

RHABDOMYOLYSIS A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF THE MAIN CAUSAL FACTORS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES

Luis Carlos Oliveira Gonçalves*, Eva De Fátima Paulino, Luzinete Pereira Da Rocha Ferreira, Nayara Lopes De Castro Matta, Priscila Lima Da Silva, Jaqueline Santos Silva Lopes and Anibal Monteiro De Magalhães Neto

ABSTRACT

The term rhabdomyolysis corresponds to the rupture of muscle tissue, resulting in the release of intracellular constituents into the extracellular fluid and circulation, responsible for triggering complications associated with acute kidney damage. Some factors increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis, such as inadequate exercise, poor hydration, use of anabolic steroids, medications, and illicit drugs, such as cocaine and cannabinoids, viral diseases, such as dengue or Influenza A., the use of electrostimulation, and saunas. In this scenario, the serum dosage of creatine kinase (CK) appears to be the most commonly used clinical marker to verify muscle damage. Adequate understanding of the causal effects, as well as the triggered outcomes, is essential to ensure preventive and therapeutic strategies for this clinical condition. Thus, the general objective of this study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the topic, reporting significance, generating agents, and main outcomes triggered. For this, a search was carried out in the databases, PubMed and Scielo, based on the combination of the keywords rhabdomyolysis, exercise, and drugs. The outcomes demonstrated that among the main causes highlighted were, in order of importance, the practice of excessive physical exercise, use of drugs, and, finally, other less common causes, such as the use of electrostimulation, a sauna, or, secondarily, the presence of viral disease. In relation to complications of this condition, the best way to prevent them occurring is related to the ingestion of adequate hydration levels, which can be measured and evaluated through the monitoring of blood and urinary markers.

Keywords: Metabolism; Pathology; Pharmacology and Toxicity.