Abstract

EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY (ANTIMITOTIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL) FROM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA, OCIMUM BASILICUM AND ALPINIA GALANGA

Revathi Kasturi*, Anandhi Dhanavel, Gowri Shankar and Selvam Rajendren

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose: The scope of the present study was to evaluate the In-vitro biological potential of three medicinal plants from Alpinia galanga, Stevia rebaudiana and Ocimum basilicum. Methods: Ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga, Stevia rebaudiana and Ocimum basilicum have been screened for phytochemical, quantitative determination by specific phytochemical reaction. In-vitro assessment has been made to evaluate the antimitotic activity of three plants using Allium cepa roots. The mitotic index of the root tips meristem was calculated and compared with the standard methotrexate. In-vitro assessment has been made to evaluate the antibacterial activity using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella bacillus and Staphylococcus aureus by well diffusion method. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of three plants have shown positive results for tannin, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, reducing sugars, amino acids. Quantitative analysis showed that yield of Ocimum basilicum recorded the highest content flavonoids of about 2.75mg/ml, the next highest concentration was observed in 2.7mg/ml of Alpinia galanga. Flavonoids was one of the most diverse and widespread group of natural phenolic compounds. Antimitotic activity results showed the mitotic index was ranged from (30-40%). The antibacterial activity of antimitotic drugs using Stevia rebaudiana, Ocimum basilicum and Alpinia galanga against various pathogenic microorganism such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus was carried out. The inhibition zone was around 3mm to 1.2mm respectively. Conclusion: The three medical plants Stevia rebaudiana, Ocimum basilicum and Alpinia galanga possess significant potential activity of antimitotic and antibacterial activity.

Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana, Ocimum basilicum and Alpinia galanga, Methotrexate, acetocarmine and well diffusion method.