Abstract

DIABETES AND PREGNANCY INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS STUDIES IN KIRKUK GENERAL HOSPITAL 2018

Dr. Ali Qais Abdulkafi*, Dr. Hala Adnan Rasheed and Dr. Wazera Raoof Rasheed

ABSTRACT

Background And Pathophysiology: With insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, maternal hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and ketosis can occur during fetal organogenesis, and there is increased incidence of fetal anomalies. Careful attention to pre-conception control of diabetes decreases the risk of anomalies. With gestational diabetes, because glucose intolerance does not occur during organogenesis, the risk of anomalies is not increased. Glucose transport across the placenta is not limited. Fetal hyperglycemia stimulates beta-cell hypertrophy, increases insulin production and fetal oxygen consumption. Insulin has mitogenic and anabolic effects on many tissues (e.g., adipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, hepatic and connective tissue), but not brain. Therefore, delivery of IDMs may be complicated by large shoulders and abdomen that can cause dystocia. About 3 to 10% of pregnancies are complicated by glycemic control abnormalities. Maternal diabetes results in significantly greater risk for antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality, as well as congenital malformations. The number of diabetic mothers is expected to rise, as more and more of the obese pediatric female population in developed and some developing countries progresses to childbearing age. Radiologists, being part of the teams managing such pregnancies, should be well aware of the findings that may be encountered in infants of diabetic mothers. Timely, accurate, and proper radiological evaluation can reduce morbidity and mortality in these infants. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the imaging findings in the various pathological conditions involving the major body systems in the offspring of women with diabetes.

Keywords: Birth defects; diabetic mothers; maternal diabetes.