Abstract

NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF TROPICAL DISEASES SUCH AS LEISHMANIASIS AND LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS

Priyanka Gresess Anand, Chetan Rajak, Moazzam Ahmad and Satya Prakash Singh*

ABSTRACT

Neglected tropical-- diseases (NTD) like lymphatic filariasis and leishmaniasis is a kind of parasitic diseases which affects humans after exposure towards ecosystems where the carriers, vectors and reservoirhost coexists. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a type of the neglected tropical disease caused by filarial nematode category parasites, Brugia timori, Brugia malayi, and Wuchereria bancrofti. Leishmaniasis is also a non-contagious vector-borne parasitic disease comes from the flagellated protozoans of the genus belongs to Leishmania that appear to exert pathological conditions. They often diffuses through the prick of infected sand flies called phlebotomies. The nature and character of these diseases is seeming to be more predominant especially in tropical area (ranging from 23.50 north to 23.50 south of the equator) and sub-tropical regions (area expands from 23.50 to 490 north and south result in to humid sub-tropical and dry summer). The disease has high rates of morbidity (rate of disease in population) and mortality (rate of death in population) all over the globe. The conventional drugs therapy are not very much effective due to improper bioavailability and its severe toxicity, hence novel strategy in developments of nanoparticle material have been introduced to accelerate effective and appropriate treatment towards neglected diseases along with lesser risk toxicity, suitable efficacy and enhancement in limited proportion in bioavailability. This review will focus on recent situation of nanoparticulate system in treatment against neglected diseases and also elaborated, how it contributes fundamental character to investigate new perspectives and challenges in approaching the homogenous treatment relevant to particular parasitic diseases.

Keywords: lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis, liposomes, nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles.