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Abstract

A CRITICAL INSIGHT INTO COMPLICATIONS OF ALCOHOL

*Tapan Behl, Prabhjot Kaur, Deepika Saini, Isha Singh2, Heena Goel, Rajesh K Pandey

ABSTRACT

Alcohol is a cytotoxic agent which causes various kinds of neuronal damage. It provides an impact on the social, psychological, medical, economic and religious spheres of our life. Alcohol when administered affects the release of many neurotransmitters. Dopamine, serotonin and GABA receptors are some neurotransmitters activated by intake of alcohol resulting in feeling of pleasure, aggression, anxiolysis, sedation, and anesthesia where as NMDA receptors are inhibited causing the increased calcium influx resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species. This leads to axonal damage and demyleination of sensory and motor fibres resulting in the damage to the nervous system. Consumption of alcohol deteriorates the functioning of nervous system. Alcohol is the main cause of neurological disorders. It exerts its effect, directly or indirectly, on the developing and the developed brain and has acute and chronic complications. Developing brain can be damaged when alcohol is consumed in pregnancy. Neurologic disorders related to long term alcoholism are mainly due to insufficient nutrition (Thiamine deficiency) which causes Wernicke's encephalopathy and mediates indirect effects of alcohol. Other disorders involve the neurotoxicity of alcohol on brain (alcohol withdrawal syndrome and dementia) and peripheral nerves (alcoholic neuropathy and myopathy). Intake of alcohol also has adverse effects on liver and heart. In this review, complications arising from alcohol consumption are studied.

Keywords: neurologic, transmembrane, oligomeric, ethanol intoxication, philtrum.


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