Abstract

STUDY OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS-REVIEW

Vothani Sarath Babu*, Katta. Manogna, T. N. Shilpa and K. Swetha

ABSTRACT

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. Ulcerative proctitis is endoscopically characterized by edema, erythema and loss of vascular markings. Ulcerative colitis has been reported between 1.0 and 15.0 cases per 100,000. The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis remains unknown. Several theories have been proposed that implicate vascular impairment, autoimmune mechanisms, bacterial-immunological interactions, and allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Ulcerative colitis is one of the major two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), along with crohn's disease (CD). The differential diagnosis in ulcerative colitis includes other forms of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease, diverticular inflammation and hemorrhage, collagenous colitis, ischemic bowel disease, radiation colitis, and infectious etiologies including the following organisms: Campylobacter, Shigella, Clostridium difficile, amebiasis, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Anti-inflammatory drugs (adrenocorticosteroids and compounds containing 5-aminosalicylic acid) are the mainstays of medical therapy. These medications in a variety of forms are used orally and topically to reduce inflammation of the colon and rectum. Surgery in ulcerative colitis should be reserved for those patients with refractory disease, complications associated with the medical therapy, or complications of colitis.

Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease.