A BRIEF REVIEW ON ANTIBIOTIC
Prachi R. Chaudhari*, Manisha A. Bhadane, Sushama P. Ahire, Dr. Sunila T. Patil, Dr. Sunil P. Pawar.
ABSTRACT
The term antibiotics literally means ―against life‖ in this case, against
microbes. There are many types of antibiotics—antibacterial, antiviral,
antifungal, and antiparasitics. Some drugs are effective against many
organisms; these are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. Others are
effective against just a few organisms and are called narrow spectrum
antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics are antibacterials. Sir
Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, defined new horizons for
modern antibiotics with his discoveries of enzyme lysozyme (1921)
and the antibiotic substance penicillin (1928). The discovery of
penicillin from the fungus Penicilliumnotatum. Perfected the treatment
of bacterial infections such as, syphilis, gangrene and tuberculosis. The
principle sites of action are Cell wall synthesis, Cell membrane function, Protein synthesis
and Nucleic acid synthesis.There are various types of antibiotics such as penicillin,
cephalosporin, tetracycline, amino glycoside, glycopeptides etc. Antibiotics form part of a
wider range of antimicrobial agents, a group which also includes antifungal, antiviral,
antiprotozoals and disinfectants. This group is also known aschemotherapeutic agents. The
use of two or more agents simultaneously. This combination can produce an additive effect
and Synergistic effect.
Keywords: Antibiotic, Penicillin, Cephalosporin, tetracycline, macroloids.
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