ORGAN-ON-A-CHIP: AN INNOVATIVE IN-VITRO TOOL FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT
Jyoti M. Benni* and P. A. Patil
ABSTRACT
Drug development is a highly complex, tedious, competitive, costly
and commercial risky process, associated with high failure rates. More
than 30 percent of promising medications have failed in human clinical
trials because they are determined to be toxic despite promising preclinical
studies in animal models, as animal biology is not an ideal
substitute for human biology. Therefore presently, Organ-on-a-chip is
an alternative approach to traditional in vitro cell culture and animal
models, which offers a more ideal model for efficacy and toxicity
testing. Organ-on-chip is an innovative tool in the field of drug
discovery, which helps in bridging the gap between preclinical and
clinical testing, and revolutionize drug testing and development.
Eventually, Human Organs-On-Chips lined by patient-derived stem
cells could potentially provide a way to develop personalized therapies in the future. This
study presents an overview of the development of several human organ chips and their
applications.
Keywords: Organ-on-chip, microphysiological systems, drug discovery, in-vitro, efficacy, toxicity.
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