Abstract

TYPE-II COLLAGEN DERIVED FROM MARINE ENVIRONS: AN EXTENDED REVIEW FOR ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION IN ORAL TOLERANCE AND ITS BIOMARKERS FOR THE DETECTION OF ARTHRITIS DISEASE IN EARLIER STAGE

Jeevithan Elango, Zhang Jingyi, Bao Bin, Chen Shanqiao, Yongxin Yu, JeyaShakila Robinson, Wu Wenhui*

ABSTRACT

In the last decade, more and more research has been conducted in order to find the potential applications of collagen from marine environment due to its peculiar characteristic features. As a result, there are more than 26 different types of collagen identified so far. Collagens are predominantly involved in the formation of fibrillar and microfibrillar networks of the extracellular matrix, basement membranes as well as other structures of the extracellular matrix. Type-II collagen is the major component of extracellular matrix of articular cartilage and mainly found in fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments and skin, and also abundant in corneas, cartilage, blood vessels, gut, and intervertebral discs cartilaginous tissues, vitreous body and hyaline cartilage. This review focuses on the biosynthesis, separation procedures and biochemical characteristics of type-II collagen as well as the importance of glycoprotein content in collagen and major receptors of collagen present in human cells for cellular immune response; also discussed about possible mechanism of oral tolerance and useful biomarkers for the early detection of arthritic diseases (osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Keywords: Type-II collagen, collagen receptors, oral tolerance, glycoprotein, arthritis.