THE ROLE OF SEX HORMONES IN THE FORMATION OF RENAL STONES WITH REFERENCE TO URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS OF IRAQI PATIENTS
*Mohemid M Al-Jebouri and Salih A Madish
ABSTRACT
Background: As the prevalence of renal stones is different in males and females, some studies have focused on the possible role of sexual hormones and their receptors in renal calcium stone disease. The clinical as well as laboratory relevance of these observations with other related parameters in human subjects remains to be further elucidated. Methods: Testosterone, progesterone and estrogen (esradiol, E2), Calcium, Phosphorus, Uric Acid, Magnesium, Vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone concentrations in Serum were determined. The obtained renal stones were analyzed. Bacterial isolates causing urinary tract infections were identified from 150 urolithiasis patients. Results: Sex hormones assaying revealed that 25 patients (15.6%) had elevated testosterone level in both male and female, and the serum levels of this hormone associated with the status of renal stone disease associated with urinary tract infections. A positive correlation was found between the total urinary testosterone concentrations and the activity of urokinase. 11 patients had abnormal estrogen values. This result represents (6.8%) of the total number of the patients in the study. Progesterone considered as risk factor in stone formation and the unadjusted RR (relative risk) for incident kidney stones in postmenopausal women was 30 % higher compared with premenopausal women. The level of vitamin D3 in males was higher than of the girls. Blood samples were obtained from the total of 150 patients and the means of S.Ca+2, S.Na+ and S.K+ were variable. Urinary tract infections were highly associated with testosterone with elevation in serum CaOx. Conclusions: Some females had high level of progesterone associated with low level of estrogen deficiency increases the sensitivity of bone to parathyroid hormone, leading to a net increase in bone resorption and increased urinary calcium excretion. This finding leads to renal stone formation and consequently urinary tract infections. Urinary levels of sodium and uric acid.
Keywords: UTI,Renal stone,Serum ions,PTH,Sex hormones.
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