URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN IRAQ: EVALUATION OF EARLY DETECTION METHODS AND ETIOLOGY
Abdulghani M. Alsamarai, Ibrahim Abdul-Rahman Latif, Mohamed Mohsen Abdul-Aziz
ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infection is health growing problem
globally and encountered at all ages and associated with treatment
failure. Aim: To evaluate the predictive value of urine direct testing
approaches as a non-invasive and cost effective test for diagnosis of
urinary tract infection especially in primary health care centers in
which culture is not available. Materials and Methods: Urine sample
screened for urinary tract infections by Gram stain, Nitrite Reductase,
Leukocyte Esterase and culture. Results: The incidence of UTI in
Erbil City was 22% in our study cohort. The incidence was
significantly higher in female as compared to male. E. coli was the
predominantly (46.42%; 52/112) isolated from subjects with UTI, followed by Coagulase
negative staphylococci (33.9%;38/112), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.03%; 9/112), Enterobacter
cloacae (5.35%;6/112), Serratia marcescens (4.46%; 5/112) and Acinetobacter baumannii
(1.78%;2/112). Direct urine tests are with low sensitivity, but with high specificity and their
combination may increase the sensitivity and specificity rate. Conclusion: UTI incidence was
lower to that reported in other areas in Iraq and significantly more in female than in male. E.
coli was the predominantly isolated from subjects with UTI, followed by Coagulase negative
staphylococci. Rapid tests such as gram stain, Nitrite Reductase and Leukocyte Esterase are
with predictive value in diagnosis of UTI when interpreted in combination.
Keywords: Urinary tract infection, UTI, E. coli, Coagulase negative staphylococci, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii.
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